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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

16个部门联合印发行动计划整治噪声污染******

　　光明网讯（记者 张佳兴）工业噪声、建筑施工噪声、交通噪声、社会生活噪声，各类公众不需要的声音干扰正常生活的情况时有发生。2021年，全国生态环境信访投诉举报管理平台共接到公众举报45万余件，其中噪声扰民问题占全部举报的45.0%，居各环境污染要素的第2位。人民群众对生态环境质量的期望越来越高，对生态环境问题的容忍度也越来越低，噪声污染越来越成为环境领域集中投诉的热点和焦点。

　　为解决群众反映强烈突出环境问题的迫切需要，近日，生态环境部会同住房城乡建设部、交通运输部、公安部等16个部门和单位联合印发了《“十四五”噪声污染防治行动计划》（以下简称《行动计划》），通过实施噪声污染防治行动，基本掌握重点噪声源污染状况，不断完善噪声污染防治管理体系。提出到 2025 年，全国声环境功能区夜间达标率达到 85%，推动实现全国声环境质量持续改善。

　　2022年6月7日，在河北省石家庄新乐市新乐一中考点，工作人员正在对考点周边的噪声及污染情况进行监测，确保高考顺利进行。（光明图片/贾敏杰 摄）

　　生态环境部大气环境司有关负责人表示，《行动计划》将从5个方面深化管控，严格噪声源头管理，深化工业企业噪声污染防治，强化建筑施工噪声污染防治，加大交通运输噪声污染防治，推进社会生活噪声污染防治。

　　《行动计划》提出，要完善规划相关要求。制定或修改国土空间规划、交通运输规划和相关规划时，应合理安排大型交通基础设施、工业集中区等与噪声敏感建筑物集中区域之间的布局，落实噪声与振动污染防治相关要求。

　　要严格落实噪声污染防治要求，依法开展环评，对可能产生噪声与振动的影响进行分析、预测和评估，积极采取噪声污染防治对策措施。紧抓产品质量监管，持续强化对汽车、摩托车噪声污染的认证监管，适时将相关国家标准纳入强制性认证。鼓励低噪声工艺和设备的研究开发和推广应用，适时更新产业结构调整指导目录和噪声与振动污染防治领域国家先进污染防治技术目录。

　　交通运输噪声方面，《行动计划》要求加强车船路噪声污染防治。严格机动车监管。科学划定禁止机动车行驶和使用喇叭等声响装置的路段和时间。鼓励在禁鸣路段设置机动车违法鸣笛自动记录系统，抓拍机动车违反禁鸣规定行为。推动船舶噪声污染治理，推动内河船舶应用清洁能源。推动轨道交通噪声污染防治，城市轨道交通车辆等装备选型和轨道线路、路基结构等建设应符合相关要求。

　　据悉，生态环境部将会同各相关部门，将《行动计划》任务目标纳入本部门的工作计划，抓紧制修订相关配套法规标准，有序推动各项工作落实，逐级落实噪声污染防治责任。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）